Seven Years In Tibet Essays - Tibet, Lamas, English-language Films

Seven Years In Tibet It is a delight to investigate the move Seven Years in Tibet. This film is about the change of a pompous, self-retained harasser by the name of Heinrich Harrer who turns into a sympathetic and adoring man. His change his realized by the impact of the youthful Dalai Lama Buddhist religion. All through the coarse of the film, the Buddhist culture and convictions are what change Harrer. The primary portion of the film is ascribed to Harrer advancing toward the town of Lasha in the nation of Tibet. Upon appearance the Dalai Lama summonses Harrer. After a few gatherings, Harrer winds up being attracted to the youthful Dalai Lama. Harrer turns into the young men guide since most of the Tibetan individuals are uneducated. Harrer educates the youthful Dalai Lama regarding the western world while the kid instructs Harrer about being tranquil and not wrecking living things. Harrer fabricates a film house for the Dalai Lama so he can watch motion pictures. The task turns intriguing in light of the fact that Buddhist religion shows the hurting of no living animals. When burrowing uncovers worms, each worm must be set in a sheltered spot to save their life. The Dalai Lama proceeds to clarify that one of those worms could be Harrers predecessor. Another part of Buddhist culture is their confidence in harmony. At the point when Communist China needed to assume control over Tibet, the Tibetan individuals needed harmony, not war. The Tibetan individuals reacted with a battle, just to be butchered by the Chinese government. The Tibetan individuals threw in the towel and permitted the Chinese government to assume responsibility for their country to stay away from a fierce war. Religion Essays

Assignment (Economics) Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 4

(Financial aspects) - Assignment Example As the harmony cost is higher with a restraining infrastructure, buyer surplus will be lower than it would be under rivalry. On the off chance that the NPS esteems buyers more than firms, the restraining infrastructure result may not be attractive. With just one firm, there might be productivity gains. For instance, it might be that the firm needs to utilize less representatives to support the entirety of the guests to Yosemite comparative with the consolidated number of workers given rivalry in the market. Thus normal complete expenses might be lower with just one firm. It is subsequently conceivable that the firm posts lower costs and sells more units yielding an overflow to society. 4. Monopolistic rivalry has a portion of indistinguishable attributes from imposing business model and a portion of indistinguishable qualities from immaculate rivalry (henceforth the name monopolistic rivalry). Rundown a couple of these similitudes. Impeccable Competition: Economic benefits will in general be wiped out over the long haul, the moderately free section of new firms, the longâ€'run cost and yield conduct, zero since quite a while ago run monetary benefits, and have numerous purchasers and dealers. The passage and exit of firms in monopolistic serious firms will in the long run cause every firm monetary benefits to tumble to zero. Thus, in the long run, each firm gains typical benefits, for example benefit = 0. At the point when a few firms gain positive monetary benefits one after another, new firms will wind up entering the market and the expanded rivalry will diminish all organizations financial benefits to zero. 7. Complete this announcement by filling in the spaces with the words increment or lessening: The section of an extra firm in a mon. comp. showcase decline the benefit per unit of yield since section increment the cost and increment the normal expense of creation. 8. Think about the Utica Slappers, a hockey group that plays in a field with 8,000 seats. The main expense related with organizing a hockey game is a fixed expense of $6,000: The group brings about this cost paying little heed to what number of individuals go to a game. The interest bend for hockey tickets has a slant of

Finally, some common sense...

From The Faulty Logic of The Math Wars: A mathematical algorithm is a procedure for performing a computation. At the heart of the discipline of mathematics is a set of the most efficient — and most elegant and powerful — algorithms for specific operations. The most efficient algorithm for addition, for instance, involves stacking numbers to be added with their place values aligned, successively adding single digits beginning with the ones place column, and â€Å"carrying† any extra place values leftward. What is striking about reform math is that the standard algorithms are either de-emphasized to students or withheld from them entirely. In one widely used and very representative math program — TERC Investigations — second grade students are repeatedly given specific addition problems and asked to explore a variety of procedures for arriving at a solution. The standard algorithm is absent from the procedures they are offered. Students in this program don’t encounter the standard algorithm until fourth grade, and even then they are not asked to regard it as a privileged method It is easy to see why the mantle of progressivism is often taken to belong to advocates of reform math. But it doesn’t follow that this take on the math wars is correct. We could make a powerful case for putting the progressivist shoe on the other foot if we could show that reformists are wrong to deny that algorithm-based calculation involves an important kind of thinking. What seems to speak for denying this? To begin with, it is true that algorithm-based math is not creative reasoning. Yet the same is true of many disciplines that have good claims to be taught in our schools. Children need to master bodies of fact, and not merely reason independently, in, for instance, biology and history. Does it follow that in offering these subjects schools are stunting their students’ growth and preventing them from thinking for themselves? There are admittedly reform movements in education that call for de-emphasizing the factual content of subjects like biology and history and instead stressing special kinds of reasoning. But it’s not clear that these trends are defensible. They only seem laudable if we assume that facts don’t contribute to a person’s grasp of the logical space in which reason operates. In other words, reform movements are largely based on the rejection of a reality-based concept of education. We couldnt possibly have anything as piddling as facts interfering with the joy and beauty of learning. If a child wants to believe that 2+2 =5, shouldnt they be praised for thinking independently? In all seriousness, though, theres something borderline sadistic about schools refusing to teach actual, well-established knowledge, knowledge that makes learning easier. Not every student is genius capable of re-deriving the Pythagorean theorem on their own. Yes, by all means, teach students to understand why things are true – I’ve heard from math tutors who constantly encounter kids who do just fine in calculus because theyve learned when to plug in about four formulas but who fall down on comparatively basic SAT math because they dont really understand why things work the way they do, or how to apply simple formulas when theyre presented in unfamiliar ways. The point is, teach them something, dont just let them flail around trying to figure it out on their own. Whats the point in all those centuries of accumulated knowledge if schools are just going to toss it out the window?

How Does One Rebuild a Failed Movie - 1410 Words

Today, a brief one. Just how does one rebuild a failed movie in such a way as to make it an enjoyable experience for the viewer? Case in point: Drive Angry. Heres what my favorite place says about this motion picture: Drive Angry is a 2011 American action film starring Nicolas Cage and Amber Heard, and directed by Patrick Lussier. It was released on February 25, 2011. Shot in 3-D, the film was met with a mixed reception and grossed almost $30 million....The film has received mixed reviews from critics. It currently holds a 45% rating on Rotten Tomatoes, based on 111 reviews, and an average rating of 5.3/10. James Kendrick said it was loud, vicious, tasteless and inane. He then went on to say it thunders at you from every direction with a wild abandon that is more irritating and desperate than enlivening. Mark Jenkins from the Washington Post commented that Even at its most lurid, though, the movie is a little dull. It only gets less compelling as the back story fills in. Thomas Layer from the Toronto Telegraph said the film was an abysmal nightmare and that this film was more evidence that Nicolas Cage is a monotone, uninspiring thespian whose films should be avoided at all costs. On the other hand, Elizabeth Weitzman from the New York Daily News wrote, Drive Angry is pure grindhouse, so committed to its own junkiness that it is, in its way, a pleasure to behold. The Evening Standard film critic Stewart Pulsey praised the film for its resilient desire to unmaskShow MoreRelatedItalian Neo Realism During World War II1947 Words   |  8 Pageson Italy. Also â€Å"the common desires of Neorealist film makers†¦ was to show the reality of life in Italy after World War II, and that reality was harsh for many reasons, most of them having to do with the war itself. â€Å" This investigation will explore how genre of Italian Neo-Realism reflects the realities of Italy both at the end of World War II and after World War II Through the films: 1. La Terra Trema - film 2. 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The Effect Of Cortisol And Sleep On Memory - 1262 Words

Question Bennion, Steinmetz, Kensinger, and Payne (2013) addressed the overarching question of how cortisol, sleep, and emotional arousal interact to influence memory. More specifically, they conducted a study to investigate the following: 1) whether resting levels of the stress hormone cortisol affect memory consolidation differently for emotional versus neutral stimuli, 2) whether this effect differs following a period of sleep versus a period of wakefulness, 3) whether resting cortisol levels affect the relationship between attention to stimuli during encoding and subsequent memory, and 4) whether this effect, too, differs following a period of sleep versus wakefulness. These research questions were used to examine the interaction†¦show more content†¦Although the authors initially presented their hypothesis as a dichotomous outcome, there were several possible alternatives. Elevated cortisol could predict better subsequent memory for neutral stimuli than for negative stimuli or h ave no effect on memory. Cortisol could have a greater effect following the period of wakefulness than the period of sleep, or the Sleep/Wake condition could have no effect. Results could also show only main effects of cortisol, valence, and sleep, with no interaction effects, or cortisol levels could have no significant effect on memory, regardless of the valence of the stimuli or the Sleep/Wake condition. For the two research questions addressed during the second level of the study, Bennion et al. (2013) hypothesized that elevated cortisol at encoding would promote an interaction between attention and consolidation—i.e., that objects viewed for a shorter duration of time would be more likely to be forgotten, and objects viewed for a longer duration would be more likely to be remembered. They also hypothesized that this effect would be greater following the period of sleep, and that neural activity in memory retrieval would be centered on the limbic areas. This hypothesis also makes a reasonable prediction based on prior research suggesting that neural activity for mental retrieval centers on the limbic regions

Macbeth and Bumble Essay Example For Students

Macbeth and Bumble Essay In this essay I will be comparing and contrasting two relationships. The first is the Macbeths from the play Macbeth, written by William Shakespeare in England in the 1600s however the play is set in 11th century Scotland. In 17th century England there were many changes. Queen Elizabeth 1st had died leaving no heir and was succeeded by James 1st. He was a Scottish king who sought the return of traditional gender roles. Had proved wrong by the ambitious and unmarried Queen Elizabeth. The second relationship is the Bumbles from the novel Oliver Twist, written by Charles Dickens in Victorian times and was published in a serialized form. In these two texts I will be commenting on love in the relationship and how the relationship develops throughout. I will also be looking at setting, form and the language used in the two texts. At the time of Macbeth, women were expected to be sub-servant to men. At the time of Macbeth many people believed in God and if a woman tried to change her place in the great chain of being for example not be sub-servant to her husband she would be defying god as he was at the top of the chain. However at the time in which Oliver Twist was written many people no longer believed in God so therefore did not fear the great chain of being. So women were not expected to be sub-servant and it was more common for women to be independent, some of which even fought for equal rights for example the suffragettes. In Victorian times many people married not for love but for social and economic stability. This can be related to Dickens as he was in a loveless marriage At the start of the relationship the Macbeths seem to have a great deal of love for each other. This can be shown in Act 1, scene 5 when Lady Macbeth is reading a letter her husband has sent her. In this letter he calls his wife, My dearest partner of greatness, which is a term of endearment expressing love. In this letter he also shares the news of his new Thane ship and his encounter with the witches. After reading about his new title, Thane of Cawdor, Lady Macbeth already begins to plan his future. This can be shown from the quote, Thou wouldst be great. Another sign of love. However as the play continues Lady Macbeth mocks her husbands manliness. She says, When you durst do it then you are a man, from Act 1 scene 7 shows that Lady Macbeth can put her husband down and humiliate him without seeming to care which shows a lack of love, however the audience would see that Lady Macbeths motivation is because of love and that she wants her husband to achieve his ambitions. Again as the play unfolds Macbeth begins to exclude his wife from his business, this can be shown in act 3 scene 2 when Macbeth says, Be innocent of the knowledge dearest Chuck. This shows that Macbeth no longer wishes to include his wife with his business which shows growing tensions in their marriage however from the audiences point of view it would be seen as Macbeth regaining his manliness. You could also possibly say that Macbeth no longer wants his wife involved with his business because he wants her to live guilt free and he doesnt want her to know about all the terrible things he has done. The final point which describes the Macbeths relationship is in Act 5, scene 5. After hearing about Lady Macbeths death, Macbeth simply says, she should have died hereafter. This quote shows us that Macbeth thinks that his wifes death is an in-connivance and that she should have died at a more convenient time. The fact that he shows no signs of remorse or guilt shows us that he no longer loved his wife. Bumble include flies in trap room used to describe relationship public and private , LM uses manipulation, Mrs. .ue5a24776e152a1d2900fa1e51d91e2af , .ue5a24776e152a1d2900fa1e51d91e2af .postImageUrl , .ue5a24776e152a1d2900fa1e51d91e2af .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ue5a24776e152a1d2900fa1e51d91e2af , .ue5a24776e152a1d2900fa1e51d91e2af:hover , .ue5a24776e152a1d2900fa1e51d91e2af:visited , .ue5a24776e152a1d2900fa1e51d91e2af:active { border:0!important; } .ue5a24776e152a1d2900fa1e51d91e2af .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ue5a24776e152a1d2900fa1e51d91e2af { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ue5a24776e152a1d2900fa1e51d91e2af:active , .ue5a24776e152a1d2900fa1e51d91e2af:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ue5a24776e152a1d2900fa1e51d91e2af .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ue5a24776e152a1d2900fa1e51d91e2af .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ue5a24776e152a1d2900fa1e51d91e2af .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ue5a24776e152a1d2900fa1e51d91e2af .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ue5a24776e152a1d2900fa1e51d91e2af:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ue5a24776e152a1d2900fa1e51d91e2af .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ue5a24776e152a1d2900fa1e51d91e2af .ue5a24776e152a1d2900fa1e51d91e2af-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ue5a24776e152a1d2900fa1e51d91e2af:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: In Decline and Fall, Waugh uses many techniques to produce satire; these include irony, hyperbole and litotes, juxtaposition and bathos EssayB uses violence and humiliation. Compare Dickens own marriage. The two pieces of text (Macbeth and Oliver Twist) have been written in completely different formats. Macbeth was written in the form of a play while Oliver Twist is a novel which was published in a serial format. The two formats affect how the text was written. For example in Macbeth soliloquy is used to express a characters thoughts while in Oliver Twist an omniscient 3rd person narrator is used to express characters feelings. In Macbeth there is one main setting which is, Dunsainee Castle in which the Macbeths live. However in different rooms of the rooms of the castle the Macbeths relationship roles change. In public areas of the castle Macbeth is seen to be the dominant party in his relationship however in private Lay Macbeth is the one in charge, this can be shown in Act 1, scene 5 when Lady Macbeth says, I may pour my spirits in thine ear and chastise with the valour of my tongue. In the Bumbles there are two main settings. The parlor which represents the private side of the marriage and the workhouse which symbolizes the public side. However unlike in Macbeth, Mrs Bumble assert her dominance both in public in private however she does it differently in private than she does in public. In the parlor she uses, matrimonial tactics such as, she, Fell into a paroxysm of tears and when that didnt work she used violence, inflicted a shower of blows. However in the workhouse she uses humiliation o undermine her husband. This can be shown when Mrs. Bumble says, Making yourself look like a fool. Macbeth uses sillouqy to add extra info. In Bumble they use an omniscient narrator. Dickens uses long sentences with the meains at the end which creates a humours tone. Macbeth uses heaby imagery eg dagger while dickens uses heavy alliteration and some symbolism eg hate = power. Dickens shows a lack of support for each charcter. Shakespeare uses more formal language to show the tension between the Macbeths eg consort

Martha Mccaskey Case Study Essay Example

Martha Mccaskey Case Study Paper Veronica Koskovich-Underwood MgtOp 587 Martha McCaskey Case Study Ethical Issues At issue in the Martha McCaskey case is a question of proprietary information. More specifically, McCaskey is faced with the question of what constitutes proprietary information and what is safe to give to the client without breaching any trade secrets. According to DeGeorge, proprietary information, or trade secrets, are a right of each corporation that they can legally and morally protect and refuse to divulge to the public. The types of information that Seleris client is asking for about their target company are held tightly by the target to ensure their market share. If the information is given to competitors, they will lose their advantage. However, if specific information as to the new chip is not released but instead is based on industry standards and already publicly-held information, the trade secrets would still be upheld, as there is no way to know for sure that the target is using exactly what has been found. Another issue that McCaskey faces is the methods used to obtain the information to be given to the client. We will write a custom essay sample on Martha Mccaskey Case Study specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Martha Mccaskey Case Study specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Martha Mccaskey Case Study specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer As mentioned above, if it comes directly from the target, it would be releasing trade secrets and infringing on the targets right to hold those. In this case, McCaskey has been asked to not contact the target in order to keep them from knowing that the client is looking into the new chip. In order to get the specific information that they are after, McCaskey will have to use alternative means such as contacting other competitors in the industry, vendors of the target, and possibly ex-employees of the target. Hackert and Malone are pushing for McCaskey to use Phil Devon after learning that he worked for the target in the past. Devon seems open to supplying McCaskey with any information that she needs, but she may be breaching the targets right to trade secrets by doing so. If he has stayed in the loop with the target and has direct knowledge of the new chip and the procedures being used there, she would ultimately be passing on information that the client has no right to. However, there is a chance that he has no direct knowledge of the new chip nd would only be giving her information that he has obtained in helping other clients out. Even that could be breaching areas of confidentiality though, as she would not know if the other companies held that information closely so the possibility of breaching other trade secrets is unknown. Also at issue is management encouraging what could be seen as unethical methods to complete the projects. As discussed in the Don Taylor case, management has a duty to operate the company as ethically as possible. By encouraging these unethical activities to McCaskey, Malone and Hackert are saying that they are supportive of using unethical methods in order to further IAD and Seleris, as well as their clients. The case material discussed that IAD did not have any written policies in place in regards to solicitation and acceptable methods to complete contracts. Richardson would occasionally hold lunch meetings in which he would state that no one should use unethical behaviors, but remained vague in just what that meant. DeGeorge notes that a business has the duty to give clear policies to its employees in order for them to complete their jobs accurately and as desired. Employees also cannot be required to act unethically on the job. Malone and Hackert are impeding McCaskeys responsibility to complete her job ethically by encouraging her to use Devon no matter what the cost. Another issue that should be noted is the personal issue that McCaskey has in deciding between staying silent on the matter and completing her job as requested, or in voicing her concerns. In the â€Å"Conflict on a Trading Floor† case and the Don Taylor case, it was noted that it is our duty to report any unethical proceedings in the work place. However, DeGeorge notes that employees do not have an obligation to create serious risk to themselves without some compensation to be gained. In McCaskeys case, she knows of no immediate benefit to her calling out the policies that are being implemented by the old guard. In fact, she has been all but guaranteed a promotion, raise, and easier job duties if she successfully completes the project. It does not appear that those in the new guard are using the same methods and there has been a significant amount of turnover in the past couple of years at IAD. There is a chance that future replacements will not be willing to use the same methods and the problem will eradicate itself. But by remaining silent, she becomes part of the problem and may have to violate her own moral beliefs. On the other hand, if McCaskey brings attention to what she considers an unethical procedure, she could be at risk with her job. She could be seen as a troublemaker and put back on team projects that are not to her liking. She would almost certainly be pulled from this project which would result in no promotion, further hurting her own well-being. A fourth issue that may not deal directly with McCaskey would be whether it is appropriate for Phil Devon to be releasing the information that he may have on the target company that he used to work for, or from other companies that he has assisted on new projects with since leaving the target. As an employee of the target, he would be directly breaching the right of the target to have trade secrets. However, as he no longer works there, Devon is not obliged to consider the interests of the target any longer. Unless a noncompete agreement was signed when he left, he is technically not doing anything wrong by divulging information that he may have on the company. This same logic would apply to any of the other companies that Devon has consulted with recently. Case Analysis The three primary alternatives that are to be considered are: 1) hiring Phil Devon and Martha McCaskey working with him directly; 2) hiring Phil Devon and having another associate work with him while Martha McCaskey remains project leader; and 3) Martha McCaskey stepping down from the project and voicing her concerns about the methods used within IAD. The primary stakeholders that have been identified are: 1) McCaskey; Tom Malone and Bud Hackert; Seleris; Target company; Client; and Phil Devon; 2) McCaskey; Malone and Hackert; Seleris; Target company; Kauffman (or the employee chosen to work with Devon; and Phil Devon; 3) McCaskey; Malone and Hackert; IAD; Target company; and Client. From a utilitarian perspective, option one woud result in the greatest net welfare for the stakeholders identified. While it goes against what McCaskey believes in and hurts the target company the most, all other layers considered receive the greatest benefit out of this option. Under the utilitarian method, more of the stakeholders receive benefits than costs with option one. Malone, Hackert, Seleris, and the client achieve the end result that they are ultimately wanting from the situation. Malone and Hackert retain a major client for Seleris and IAD remains in good standing with corporate. Seleris sees growth as a company and retains a large portion of their current business. The client receives the information they are seeking and is able to better compete with the competition. However, all of these stakeholders are setting precedence in the methods that are used to obtain the information and completing projects. Phil Devon receives a large financial consideration for his assistance on the project, but risks possible lawsuits or future retribution from the client for releasing sensitive information on them. The target company sees the greatest cost by having confidential information leaked to a competitor and no longer having the niche in the industry that they would have otherwise. McCaskey sees the greatest mixture of benefits and costs, but ultimately sees more negatives than positives. She successfully completes the project and receives the promotion and raise, follows her superiors wishes, and retains a major client for IAD and Seleris. However, she does not follow her own moral judgement and is directly responsible for the way the project is completed. She also is setting a precedence of methods that she is willing to use and for methods that will be acceptable under her as manager. Under the second option, assuming that the project is successfully completed to the clients liking and McCaskey receives her promotion, many of the same costs and benefits come into play. The additional player in this scenario, Kauffman, would most likely receive praise and possibly compensation for his role in the completion of the project, but would be being used to do the unethical activities that no one else is willing to. McCaskey does have the added benefit of not directly doing the unethical research, but she is causing Kauffman to act unethically by having him work directly with Devon. With the third option, assuming that the project is not successfully completed without McCaskey and she does not receive her promotion, more costs occur for the stakeholders identified. McCaskey would be upholding her moral values, but she would not receive the promotion and would have to continue doing the tedious fieldwork that she has been doing. This option could result in being given only problem projects that no one else wants in the future, she could be labeled a troublemaker, and she would lose her good standing with upper management. A slight possibility would exist that her actions would bring about positive changes in the division and/or corporation, if management takes note of her concerns and decides to implement policies that would prevent these happenings from occurring again. Malone and Hackert would lose McCaskey as a good candidate for group leader, as well as a major client and future additional projects. IAD not only would lose a major client and future business from them, but would also most likely come under scrutiny of corporate. The client loses the ability to compete head on with the target company by not receiving the information they requested. They would also lose a consulting firm for future projects if they decide Seleris is no longer fulfilling their duties as their consultants. The target company would see the largest benefit from this option, as their trade secrets would not be leaked and they would retain their market niche with the new chip. From a rights and duties perspective, even though a greater number of rights and duties are upheld with options one and two, option three is preferred in that it upholds the more important rights and duties of McCaskey and the target company. When adding weight for importance to the rights of performing your job ethically and retaining trade secrets, the greatest good comes from option three where both of these rights are upheld. An analysis of rights and duties shows a greater number of rights and duties upheld than not with option one. By hiring Phil Devon and completing the project successfully, all stakeholders except for Devon and the target are fulfilling their duty to maximize profits and act in the best interest of their immediate stakeholders. For example, McCaskey is acting in the best interest of IAD by retaining a client and bringing in future profits from this client. The client is acting in the best interest of their own shareholders by finding a way to compete directly with the target and thereby maximizing profits. McCaskey is also upholding her duty to obey her supervisors and to act in her own best interest by ensuring she receives the promotion and raise. However, she is defying her duty to not harm others by completing research that she knows will directly harm the target and their business interests. She is also denying herself the right to perform her job ethically and not upholding the norms of her profession. Malone and Hackert see their authority rights upheld, but dont uphold McCaskeys right and duty to perform her job ethically. The target companys right to keep trade secrets is being denied. Devon is acting in his own best interest, as well as his familys, but he is not conducting business ethically and is denying the target the right to have trade secrets. With option two, most of the rights and duties remain the same. Regardless of whether McCaskey performs the research herself or just oversees it, she is not changing the overall picture. She has actually brought someone else into an ethical dilemma by choosing not to address it head on. Now Kauffman is not upholding the duty to perform his job ethically, nor does he uphold the norms of his profession. Option three results in more rights and duties being denied to the majority of the stakeholders. McCaskey sees more of her rights and duties upheld than the other options, as she is using her right to voice ethical concerns in the workplace and upholding her duty not to harm others and to uphold the standards of her profession. The target company is also seeing more rights upheld, as they retain their right to hold trade secrets and to fair competition in the marketplace. Malone, Hackert, IAD, and the client, however, see more rights and duties denied. All fail at their duty to maximize profits for the division and company, while Malone and Hackert lose their right to authority. But all are now upholding the individual rights and duties held by McCaskey and the target. From a justice perspective, option three upholds fairness for the target company by not releasing confidential information, for McCaskey by not requiring her to do something that could be considered ethically wrong, and for all others by not allowing them to profit from unethical behaviors. In all three options, distributive justice is more of a concern than any other kind. By completing the project and obtaining the data from Devon, regardless of whether done by McCaskey or by Kauffman, all stakeholders except for the target receive benefits from unethical proceedings that are not right. McCaskey receives a promotion and higher pay, IAD and Seleris receive full payment on the contract and even receive additional contracts because of the successful completion, Devon receives a large payment for releasing information that is confidential, and the client will most likely receive a greater market share of the new chip than they would have otherwise. The target, however, loses market share from the divulgence of this information. However, in option three, all parties receive the compensation that they deserve from the situation. The target retains its market share while the others lose out on money from their unethical dealings. While option one or two could be argued from a utilitarian perspective, the added weight of importance to the rights and duties method, as well as the clear indication by the justice perspective, option three supports more of the prominent concerns in this case. I therefore propose option three as the best option for McCaskey to move forward with. Broad Implications of the Case One of the more prominent themes to this case is the issue of proprietary information and means used to obtain it from competitors. According to DeGeorge, businesses have the right, both legally and morally, to have trade secrets to help protect specific facts about their products or processes. However, it is not discussed who outside the immediate company employees have any duty to protect those secrets. As technology moves further and further ahead, the implications of trade secrets being leaked becomes greater. Without the trade secrets, there is no way to protect yourself from a competitor moving in on your niche in the market that you may otherwise have had they not obtained the secrets. But on the other side is the right to a competitive marketplace and the duty to maximize profits for the competitor. Consulting firms such as Seleris in the case are becoming a more common option to obtain trade secrets. But employees of these firms eed to take into consideration the ethical connotations to what they are doing by assisting in the gathering of this information. While they have no immediate duty to the competitors to help protect the information, from an ethical perspective the methods that they use to obtain it could be negative. Trade secrets are at a greater risk as the present trend in the workplace continues of employees moving around from job to job during their careers. No l onger are employees with the mindset that they should stay with the same firm throughout their career to ensure a better retirement package. If an employee is not guaranteed to stay with a firm, what information should they actually have access to? In most cases, this is now limited to only what they need to know to complete their individual job. Also of note is what constitutes proprietary information. DeGeorge defines it as any trade secrets that a company can legally and morally protect from others. But in order to legally defend data in the current day, you would need a patent or trademark, which often times can’t be obtained until the item has a prototype developed. This makes it more difficult to protect new projects from being copied by competitors. Another theme that is touched on in the case and brought out in the issue of proprietary information is employee loyalty and duties to their current employers. DeGeorge explains that while companies would like to have both loyalty to the firm during employment, it cannot be demanded. Corporations want employees to perform their jobs to the best of their abilities and to do what needs to be done to ensure the success of the company. However, in the present day workforce, it is more common to hear employees talking about what the company can do for them. It is not uncommon to switch jobs several times during your career, nor to apply the knowledge that youve gained from a past job on a current one. DeGeorge states that while workers have rights on the job, they also have duty to perform the job for which they are hired. That being said, the employer cannot require an employee to do something that is illegal or unethical. Usually businesses have policies in place that help define what workers rights and responsibilities are. Employees need to take the time to review this information and ask questions about the policies prior to being hired on to ensure that they are comfortable with what is being asked of them. However, policies will not address every instance that could possibly occur during an employment. Employees need to know their basic rights and processes available to them so that they can address any conce rns as they arise. While employed by a particular organization, the employee has a responsibility to not sabotage the activities of the company. However, once employment ends, that responsibility is gone. But is there still a responsibility to protect trade secrets and sensitive information that you may have had access to once in a new position? A trend that is starting in the current workforce is to impose noncompete agreements with employees who are leaving and who had access to sensitive information to help curb this issue. Overall, the protection of proprietary information seems to have a direct relation to the loyalty and obedience that employees show a firm. Ultimately, it is the individual employee who needs to make the conscience decision to help protect the information. While competitors may be able to gain some insight on what is going on behind closed doors through competitors and basic industry trends of the time, without firsthand knowledge of what a specific company is pursuing, it is more difficult to know for sure if your recreation of their item will be better than what they have done and win you the market on the item.